During Jesus' lifetime, the climate in Judea was characterized by two main seasons: a wet season from mid-October to mid-April and a dry season from mid-June to mid-September. Summers were hot and dry, with temperatures ranging from 75°F to 90°F (24°C to 32°C), often moderated by cool breezes and low humidity[1][3][4]. Winters were mild and wet, with temperatures between 40°F and 50°F (4°C to 10°C)[2][4]. Snow was rare but possible at higher elevations like Bethlehem and Nazareth[1][2]. The climate was more moderate and wetter than today, supporting agriculture without extensive irrigation[1][3].
Sources
[1] What Was the Climate Like at the Time of Jesus? https://blog.adw.org/2017/03/climate-like-time-jesus/
[2] Did It Snow When Jesus Was Born - Bible People - https://www.bible-people.info/did-it-snow-when-jesus-was-born/
[3] What Was the Climate and Weather Of Israel Like at the Time of ... https://blog.adw.org/2014/07/what-was-the-climate-and-weather-of-israel-like-at-the-time-of-jesus/
[4] The Weather In Nazareth - TruthBook https://truthbook.com/jesus/the-weather-in-nazareth/
[5] Climate and Religion in Palestine https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/480683